Growing Old in a New Age Faculty Guide Essay Example for Free

Growing Old in a New Age Faculty Guide Essay Physical you have to balances your body everyday, balances everything, life styles, but you have to keep balances nutrition a good diabeth, there are tools help you with arthritis, blood presser, diabeth, and sleeping pattern there way that can help us as we aging. 2) New information gained from watching the video? The most important it shows me is that is important keep a daily a role to a healthy life like going to doctor and truth to talk about the changes of aging that’s one way to keep healthy. Keep balances. 3) Any other comments you have regarding the video? Yes I have thank you I think its wonderful aging. Aida I. Rivera GRT110 introduction to the study of Aging Dr. Jackie Griswold Video reaction: 2) How our body age Functions, capacity senescence are as normal process understanding the aging process as normal as we aging in the terms as biological theories of aging is a process universal all members experience the phenomenon this are some of the changes first graying hair or sagging wrinkle skin stooped shoulders spot slow walking shuffling gait. The process decline losses must be gradual. The biological phenomena are different from aging distinguish disease to normal aging the wear and tear theory cellular aging occurs as cells slow replications, our body tissues are replaced and regenerated at different stages in life taking any where from weeks to years to complete the process our gins, I know our everything changes our vision, hearing, smell our patter of sleeping, immunological. Like they said in the video, we have to change as we aging . we have to a dot as we aging as long we understand why we live as long we live the better its get. ) New information gained from watching the video? That satisfaction that I can do something for the future aging and that we can do thing as, we aging that’s find with me, because I like to keep do. 2) How the experiences of the older adults in the video affected your personal view of aging? That I can be a better elder went get there, it’s affected no, I love it, I would a friend at that age. 3) Any comments you have regarding the video? I personally would recommend the video very understands examined the entire important thing you need to know. Aida I. Rivera GRT 110 Introductions to the Study of Aging Dr. Jackie Griswold Video Reaction: 1) Myth s and realities of Aging 1) Aging is not how you look is how you feel about getting old makes the different, when you get old things change memoirs the way you think and look, some people that will critical you on how you that you show act you age, they will said negate things all is important what you feel and you look. Future aging is how you feel about yourself and your attitude of your and thru you. In the video they said they feel free and take decisions for themselves one said they act as you feel, you could keep doing, what you were doing before went if you are 90 well that different you will be surprise all you have accomplish knowing from where you are and what you have done or came its important to be positive before there was a pyramid, but there a trends the role as parent we play a important role good relationship with the family in very way and different, they feel very proud of their parent the impact baby boom have the demo policies went baby boom want re 75% women will live long than men as the population raisins as we look to the future aging not as a dieses, aging as a grand exist. 2) New information gained from watching the video? They show me that everything has different culture in aging. The Knowledge and the process of very stage and model role. And that religion ass not change thru aging is whites’ people and that knowledge will be there. 3) Any other comments you have regarding the video? I like the part where the daughter of 95 years is having a happy meal with her mom whose 125 years she was very proud, as we aging its get better. Aida Rivera GRT 110 Introductions to the Study Aging Dr. Jackie Griswold Video Reaction: 4 Loves, Intimacy and Sexuality 1) Many changes occur in the body between the ages of 45 and 60 as 10 and 25. How changes in young peoples bodies an effect their behavior change that occur in older bodies. Most America seems obsessed with sex and love. The media over flow with sexual image and inurn does they focus exclusively on youth American popular culture the conclude that the young are preoccupied with love and sex the interest in these matters disappears when a person hits middle age some would look for sexual stereotypes would look at television and hardly see an older person involved in an erotic, deep loving relationship you see young people in their 20s and 30s if you look at television commercials reflect advertisers wanting to be aware of how reflect society’s attitudes you hardly see an older person in a television commercial in a erotic situation or loving situation all they do on television all is making coffee or worry about their dentures will fall out commercial it’s nonexistent image stereotypes sex is for young people. The exception the way when older people are show in humorous cast engaging in sex or in relationship of course the golden girl’s older woman brings sexually interested in somebody they may be inappropriate for older woman to still be sexual? All you have to do go to these card shop and they will tell you about your decline how to deal with it sympathy cards about your loss they being in your 30s older people laugh at that is still offensive to see that something that is important in life to find the source of stereotypes about greeting card contemporary some people don’t stop think our culture sex is for reproduction, the people that are preserved as appropriate for ex they’re people of childbearing and ears, people who are healthy, attractive these bring sexual, they are supposed to do sexually, lead to reproduction and negative attitudes in our society about adult masturbation because don’t lead to pregnancy lot people think sex is to connected with pre gnancy negative attitudes about lesbians and gay men because what they do couldn’t lead to reproduction look at our stereotypes, ideas and values about what is appropriate sex it boil down to having socially approved pregnancy and that does not include older people. The competing influences what’s appropriate and what’s not the facts remains that older adults are sexual brings what they do and how they do it is as divers the population itself sex is an ongoing thing as we grow older our sexual and reproductive systems change women and men experience these changes differently the female reproductive system consists of the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus and the vagina a mature woman every month is ovulating will produce and egg if not fertilized will menstruate the ovary produces along with the egg hormones that are needed by the female body to reproductive structures in fertile situation and these are estrogen and progesterone when a woman ages the eggs within the ovary became resorted and the ovary stops producing estrogen to continue with the normal cycling normal processes an adult woman expects. She will stop menstruating when this condition persists more than a year the woman is termed menopausal the physiological change associated with menopause are affected by a woman’s estrogen levels very from woman to woman the primary source of estrogen is the ovary but women also produce estrogen from their adrenal glands there certain amount of variation individual to individual, the body as it decreases we find that the uterus became smaller, the vagina became drier, the tissues of the vagina became thinner, there change in the breast, some changes in the skin, there organ and tissues react to estrogen and the absence of estrogen changes that ensue estrogen replacement is prescribed by physician for menopausal women there are benefits and risks the benefit of taking estrogen replacement therapy is to control the hot flashes 2) How the experiences of the older adults in the video affected your personal view of aging? 3) Any other comments you have regarding video? Aida I. Ri vera GRT 110 Introductions to the Study of Aging Dr. Jackie Griswold Video Reaction: 7 The social roles implication of that are as fellows is every important to begin with the recognition we’re in the middle of a demographic revolution and stated simply never before in history of our species have many individuals lived so long that’s the demographic background the social roles of implication of that are fellows most of human history we have had roles which are social positions that have rights and duties and expectations associated with them has a fairly clear definition of childhood roles and them of adult roles like parent and marriage partners and economic roles we haven’t had are retirement roles today’s aged are pioneers in time they are creating social roles for a large number of individuals first time in history been old in our soctily mean different things to different people, older people have much autonomy when you think about role of an older person as an attribute thinking is freedom and autonomy most people who are retired wh o launched their children where really don’t have to do anything with anybody they don’t want to do anything with they don’t have to be with people they want to be with nor occupy a role they don’t want to occupy there’s lots of choice operating there which means there won’t be specific roles you can point to and say this is what older people are doing . Friendships are important to older people and especially important for those with few family members, sometime older people take on surrogate family roles for their neighbors in senior housing or retirement communities relatively few people are still working at age 65 freed from the pressures of work they enjoy a wide range to leisure activities some are things they’ve always done other activities are new . As the older population grows accurate information about aging and older people, important increase researchers collect information about social roles through three basic methods observation, interviews and surveys in observational analysis researcher makes a detailed recording of a person’s behavior and interactions with others in an objective neutral manner Dr. Vern Benton give an example and here I’m thinking of the work of Jaber Gubrium at Florida state university he spent a year in a nursing home several years just writing down what was happened and he published his account in a book called living and dying in Murray manor all he did was watch the interaction of the patients in a terminal long-term care facility the interactions of the staff with each other, the staff with the patients, the doctor occasionally came in very occasionally and the administrator from that he come up with a astonishing variety of activities that reflected roles a second way together information interview people and to categorize their responses . Dr. Archly Learned the value of the interview method early in his career the first study that he does to look at the relationship between the job role and the self-concept what he was interested in was the effect of retirement on self-concept of careen women and he picked two different occupational categories school teacher and telephone operators these were the days when mostly women were telephone operators his gone through the traditional sociology literature found that everybody predicted that, you know when people retired this was the end of life as we know it you expected that people retired just dropped off the face of the earth he had all of negative hypotheses what he expected retirement to do to these women , he did he’s first practice interview on a 82-year-old school teacher at end first he said thank I appreciate your answers she said when will you ask about good stuff? He said â€Å"tell me about it† for the next hour and a half he sat there getting writer’s cramp listening to all the good stuff about retirement why it wasn’t a problem for her and her self-concept here cast the interview schedule and did another study looking for both positive and negative out comes that be great, if he done that survey in the mail or sent people to do the interviews or hadn’t done them myself he never would have found those positive effects because he was there to listen a third method for gathering information is the survey the rope and gall up polls are example of well-know national surveys collects data from a representative sample of a relatively large population information is gathered by questionnaire which can be mailed to participants or administered by telephone or personal interview surveys on social roles might ask these questions like are you employed? Are you a Grandparent? You have one or more hobbies? Compared the roles of older men and women suggests it holds a message for young men of today older females characteristically have more roles than 70 to 75 year old males the implication for that at least for college students college men should right now begin diversifying they should begin investing effort in variety of roles in 30 years, 40 years when they retire from a formal occupational role, they will not have to look around and say â€Å"now what do I do† that’s long term-planning understand the behavior of older people may be missing very important information they are always analyzing data collected from people they haven’t talk to the advise students who are doing that to find people who are like the folks who responded to that survey do the interview with them . They understand what they were facing, if they had problem with the question use multimethod they are tool effective looking at social roles, reseacher’s who study the roles and relationship. 2) How the experiences of the older adults in the video affected your personal view of aging? I can wait to see what will happen. 3) Any comments you have regarding the video? Aida I. Rivera GRT11O Introduction to the Study Aging Dr. Jackie Griswold Video Reaction: 8 Families and Intergeneration Relation Changing values as parent or grandparents A popular assumption tends to abandon or distance themselves from older members of the family statistics don’t bear this out. Research shows that about ? f older adults live with or hear a family member, most of those who don’t have frequent phone contact or correspondence a look at the modern family structure shows that is getting more complex with a increase in four and five generation families. The fabric of older society is woven with many distinct and colorful threads approximately 5% of older people have non marry such as the case with Ethel Cooper, she never marry, but she doesn’t regard it, she not sorry. Social work against success marriage, Celestine Eggleston come from a broken home and her own marriage failed, leaving her as the single head of the household, coming from a background where there was not happy marriage long-lived marriage. What we’re exposed in these time not much about how marriage work, what was real. Our history in terms of the fact in early days in quotes-blacks weren’t allowed to marry, were not allowed to really in quotes have family in a traditional sense as a European family would suddenly to be some expectations that there was going to be this family with black male carrying out a particular role that person didn’t understand was bit much, on top that the economic expectation, one didn’t have the education, didn’t have the skills to continue to provide for that family net work was something that moved that black male outside of the family, when we talk about the older black woman bring the matriarch. The social situation there was no choice for her to be stabilizing factor in the family with great pride that one was able to keep that family together it also very sad that had to be, but as the children came and grew things began to change differences over child-raising causing marital tensions. Research tells us that marital distress increases the husbands on his wife, who used to have her realm-a private one now someone who is making demands on her time, she doesn’t enjoy it another body research say exactly the opposite after the initial adjustment period of having the husband home it’s a positive time their leisure time activities their political activities, their traveling time increases and very positive time of increased intimacy and warmth with one another we do need more research. However a person won’t necessarily go directly from being a contributing family member is a example to become completely dependent they talk about Pasqual Capone family said he a example for them, they love him every much, about some of roles older parents and grandparents player within the family as we seen a variety of helping patterns, whether is financial or emotional, support, a good deal of help commonly flows from older to the young generation. If older people became frail can they expect to receive the they need from their families or they became caregivers to their own parent, care giving a term used to refer to the support, financial, physical, emotional that families provide to an older family member especially, when this older family member is frail by frail is one is on longer able to be as completely independent as one would like too. Now when we talk about care given we’re looking at a combination or convergence of demographic and socio-economic term weâ €™re looking at the fact that their older people the fact that there are less children. Women are back to work in the past the majority of care given and care giving is an unpaid job, women who were in tradition sense of what wives were about husbands worked and wives stayed at home. Average age of care givens today’s is 57 or 58 the women grow up in different time than today, there been warning of this term with us last 20 years, but maybe we are not listening the fact that women will not be able to quit a job to take care of mom and dad, because women work for necessity for financial neglect that women are single parents and are divorced a job absolutely not luxury vice neglecting all of these trends so it should be a concern for everyone in our society who will pick up this job of caring for mom and dad. When we know that 80% of the frail are care for not by institutions if not by a family members, we mean women. What will happen to this huge source of free labor is not longer available this mean this is a conflict, if women are no longer able to do this someone has to and it will cost plenty to govement are to provide incentives to families to try to get them to continue to care for our elderly. 2) How the experiences of the older adults in the video affected personal view of aging? There are program that take care them and day care and that every good for them too. And that marriage hard work, but is worth it. 3) Any other comments you have regarding the video? Yes I like video remember me of mi having fun with granddaughter. Aida I. Rivera GRT 110 Introductions to the Study of Aging Dr. Jackie Griswold Video Reaction: 10 Health status the presence or absence of disease, disability level of functioning in ability to complete multiple tasks ADL’S- Activities of Daily Living and IADL’S- Instrumental Activities Daily Living quality of life in health and illness ability to activities, daily living, satisfaction social interactions and function health adjust to there health to the aging process chronic and acute diseases, heart disease, cancer and strokes among older people this are common chronic disease. Older drivers are less likely to speed, bad weather, at night, freeway traffic, rush hour and while there drunk they don’t drive. The primary health promotion programs of older adults to reduce the incidence disabling chronic diseases, improving health program designed lifestyle, preferences and culture of older adults a relationship between personal health habits and well active aging Aida I. Rivera Title: Introduction to the Aging Calculating Your Real Age and Your Life Expectancy Calculator: living to 100 life Expectancy Calculator: The Real Age Test 1) What was your reaction to the real age test and the life expectancy age calculated for you? Well I think your age is how you feel if you feel good and young there’s nothing to say about. My calculation of age was 49. 9 went, I’m 50 years, I think I’m doing well. 2) Have you been thinking your age your health or how long you may live? About my age I don’t think much, but about my health I do think a lot with out health your time go faster there nothing better than a good health that, if I want to live long, if God lets me live to 100 years that be good. 3) How might you make changes in your age your life, if your real age is higher than your chronological age to extend your life span and improve the quality of your health? Well my age came good 49. 9, I’m 50 years, but still I have to make changes and improver in, how I eat healthier and exercise more like walk more than I do. 4) What your estimated life expectancy are influence you’re thinking about your career(s) and retirement? No it’s doesn’t change, I think, I’m doing well, I meaning the right thing keep a good health and a family that care for me too. 5) What are implications of your estimated longevity in term of your health and income needs? I hope to have a good health so I can have a income, because if I don’t have a health, I can work and I like to work keep myself. 6) Any other thoughts or feeling about your real age or estimated life expectancy that you want to share with me? Oh yes another test tell me that, I’m going to live 95 years since that good; I hope to keep the good work up. What can I said I feel good. Its good went they said you look young for your age it makes you feel so, so good inside and outside.

Free Grapes of Wrath Essays: Steinbecks Political Agenda :: Grapes Wrath essays

Political Agenda in The Grapes of Wrath The Grapes of Wrath is a movie that was originally a novel by John Steinbeck that exposes the desperate conditions under which the migratory farm families of America during the 1930's live. The movie tells of one family that migrates west to California through the great economic depression of the 1930's. The Joad family had to abandon their home and their livelihoods. They had to uproot and set adrift because tractors were rapidly industrializing their farms along with the erosion of topsoil to create "the Dust Bowl". The bank took possession of their land because the owners could not pay off their loan. The movie shows how the Joad family deals with moving to California, how they survive the cruelty of the landowners that take advantage of them, their poverty and willingness to work. The government, and political figures also abuse their powers to maintain such a lack of balance of power between the workers and businessmen, and yet some branches of the government protect the workers. During the Dust Bowl, hundreds of thousands of southerners faced many hardships, which is the basis of the movie. John Steinbeck wrote this fiction novel to portray the harsh conditions during the Dust Bowl. The Dust Bowl occurred in the mid-west part of America, especially in Oklahoma. Such people in Oklahoma who lost their jobs from the Depression and eventually the Dust Bowl were called "Okies." The mistreatment of the "Okies" in The Grapes of Wrath can be concluded as being valid. During the Red Scare, Americans mistrusted other Americans, especially certain government organizations. When one man was telling the "Okie" group that the pay and jobs are minimal in California, an aristocratic or government official accused the person of being a communist. This represents the hate of the communists in the view of the government. In The Grapes of Wrath, the Californians wanted to rid the "dirty" Okies from California because they were afraid of them. They were afraid that the Okie would take their land. Even the California police beat them for no just reason because they wanted the Okies to leave the state. The police, shown as corrupted thugs, killed Casey because he was "agitating" the public. Certain government organizations were aware of the harsh living and pay conditions that was upon the Joad family, and yet they tried to suppress it.

A Comparison of a Nuclear and Extended family

Modern day families have evolved over time. In the UK today many types of families exist, from the single parent family to families with fostered or adopted children. This essay will focus predominately on the ‘extended' and ‘nuclear' family structures that I have encountered. I will compare and contrast the framework of these by discussing the inter-relationships within my own extended family. I shall also discuss the different ways of rearing and caring for children and show how the roles of parent and child continue to evolve. Typically a nuclear family can be defined as a unit, which consists of a father, mother, and at least one child. This structure is found in almost all societies although the period in which it remains in this form varies. An extended family, while incorporating the nuclear family pattern is a wider grouping of relatives that characteristically spans three or more generations without the restriction of living under one roof. (Nobbs et al 1989) – See appendix 1. Research has shown (Fletcher, 1966) that families in lower socio-economic groups involved in semi skilled or manual jobs (working class) are less likely to move for work or educational reasons than those of a nuclear family. This means that they are more likely to be a part of a long established extended family. Nuclear families in contrast are more prevalent in higher socio-economic groups, (white collar), often employed in managerial, administrative and professional jobs. These families are more likely to relocate away from relatives and family friends for higher salaries and better jobs prospects. Nuclear and extended families continually re-size and re-model themselves and the changes that this brings can significantly alter the lives of the children. My own family, for example has changed since the 1960's when I was part of an extended family surrounded by aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents, and great-grandparents. Neighbours were also considered as family because they lived in the same four storey Victorian house as us. Affection, duty and common interests closely connected us. Additionally, the daily contact was helpful and welcoming in that it offered practical support and comfort in times of stress concerning childrearing, financial help, problem solving and child-care. These were all advantages of belonging to an extended family. In contrast, as a parent in a nuclear family, we now live away from relatives and while able to gain emotional support by telephone and letter, the distance makes practical support difficult. It is noticeable that changes in traditional patterns of family life in the UK have been taking place in the last half century. The advent of more efficient methods of contraception since the 1960's have led to families having fewer children, compounding the trend for smaller family units (Beaver et al, 1995). My extended family has dissolved through the loss of my parents' relatives and friends through death or relocation. It now equates more closely to a nuclear family model, where I live with my children forming a small group with no other relatives living with them or close by, symbolic of what is occurring in the U. K. today. According to Henwood, et al, (1987) both extended and nuclear families in society are expected to provide many functions. Most important is their duties to provide for the needs of children, as the young are unable to care for themselves, and through their growing years require guidance. The family teaches children values, rules for behaviour and a common language providing the most basic environment for children to learn the culture of the society of which they are a part. Peers, schools and the media have a strong influence as children grow older, but the basic foundations are learnt within the family. The provision of this quality of care today by others outside the family unit would prove very costly and often be less effective. (Woodhead, et al, 1988) Families provide children with name and create a position in society for them. The family portrays a sense of belonging and a feeling of value. This feeling of worth is important to a child's development. I work with special needs children, or whom 50% have no strong family relationships. These children are, understandably, emotionally unstable. Children need a family to meet their needs for love, affection, company and security. In the U. K. today family life is regarded as paramount for emotional and social well-being of a child, and much emphasis is put on social services such as fostering and adoption for providing continuity to a child's up-bringing. ( Barnes, 1995) Economic support varies between families. Both the extended and nuclear family are economic units, however, in the U. K. family members are no longer totally dependent on each other for economic survival. The state provides an economic safety net through State benefits that prevent starvation and destitution reminiscent of the past. (Vasta, et al, 1995) The differences between extended and nuclear groups determine how these functions are carried out. Children in extended families can be seen to have the opportunity to develop and experience a wide variety of relationships, as relatives constantly surround them. However, these children, as in my case, are unable to experience privacy or personal space that they often yearn for as the regular presence of relatives and other children obstruct any opportunity. A feeling of constant pampering and scrutiny by others breeds a need to please a larger number of people, thus causing long-term affects of anxiety, in not being able to act on one's own initiative or actions. Recollections of my own upbringing are ones of confusion, never knowing who to listen to, or who was right. Discipline was not consistent among all my carers in the family. This often resulted in myself falling foul to different codes of behaviour being upheld by different adults. Studies by Farmer (1979) has shown that, particularly among the extended working-class families, there is considerable relationship of dependence and mutual aid between the wife of a family and her own mother. It goes on to point out that that the re-housing of young working-class families in ‘New Towns', thus creating a nuclear unit, at a distance from ‘Mum' suddenly presented young wives with a disquieting independence, finding themselves forced to act on their own initiative. This caused emotional upset, as this was a responsibility unaccustomed to them. It is important, therefore, in some areas that the extended family stays intact. The fathers in a ‘mother- centred' family often have little real authority with which to play out their expected role as head of the household and form strong relationships instead with work colleagues. Sons often follow their father's footsteps into the same profession, often working side by side with them, forming the same strong bonds between father and son, as the daughters accomplish with their mothers. Children tend to have more playmates that are cousins, and the older ones are frequently called upon to care for siblings within the extended family. Close relationships within an extended group have their value, but they can also be limiting, confining, frustrating, so that the loosening of ties for some people at any rate, may constitute a desirable improvement in lifestyle. Family living in close proximity tend to disrupt each other's' personal goals in life and get in each other's way emotionally and socially (Duck, 1992). In comparison children growing up in a nuclear family tend to experience closer relationships with their parents. They can receive a lot of individual attention and have more space and privacy. However, at times, they may also feel isolated in that they have fewer relatives to turn to in times of parental and/or sibling confrontation so encouraging relationships with friends and neighbours also. The nuclear family promotes freedom and independence. It allows for the qualities of maturity and self-reliance in individuals. Husbands and wives share equal status within the nuclear group, enjoying a relationship based increasingly upon mutuality of consideration. They appear to be democratically managed, where both parents tend to include the children in arriving at any family decisions. Parents have more time for each other and their children receive a greater degree of attention, effort and expectation from relationships concentrated within this unit. Significantly children of nuclear families form the basis of their beliefs surrounding relationships from these encounters. The stress and harmony levels that they contain can considerably affect the characteristics of social relationships with peers. Duck, 1992). The parental roles within extended families tend to be more complicated but clearly structured by gender. The mother concentrates on expressive gestures, giving warmth, comfort, care and performing all of the household chores while the father provides financial security, upholds discipline and undertakes household tasks that require more physical strength. The boys and girls are set tasks, which usually follow the roles of the respective parent. For example, girls will help in the kitchen while boys will help clean the car. The nuclear family in contrast seems to show much more flexibility in these roles where less importance is placed on the specific roles of parents and children and more is channelled towards a family team effort. When the children are young the father often takes on more domestic, traditional household, and childcare roles, only relinquishing them as they grow up. Often the parents of nuclear units both work, and do not enjoy the day-to-day practical support seen within an extended family. As teenagers the children often take responsibility for tasks in their parent's absence. Herbst, 1960) The nuclear family can however, come under stress without the support of a larger family network that can act as child minders or mediators, and it could be argued that this causes the fragility, which often leads to the unit quickly disintegrating should confrontation between the parents, becomes rife. This inevitably causes a great deal of emotional upset and economic strain. In the UK between 30% and 50% of nuclear families experience this causing divorce rates to remain high (Bruce et al, 1999), prompting the suggestion that ambition and dreams are often the key drivers in this type of family. Nowadays, nearly 50% of the work force in the U. K is female, although, the younger the child determines whether women work full or part time (Donnellan, 1991). This in itself probably reflects on the distinct absence of affordable child-care for younger children. As already mentioned childcare among extended families is not normally a problem as other members and sometimes-older children provide the care needed when the mother has to hold down a job. (Allan, 1979) With the comparisons and contrasts of the nuclear and extended family units in mind it is important to also consider the parental styles adopted. The mix of rearing practices used by parents and, where relevant other family members, is strongly debated among child psychologists for the positive and negative effects that they have on the behaviour of children. Baumrind (1972) and more recently Grusec and Lytton (1988) identified three models of parenting, authoritarian, permissive and authoritative, with which parents and other adult family members rear children. In the authoritarian model absolute standards are used to control a child's behaviour with obedience and punishment being paramount. Invariably physical and emotional blackmail are adopted. The child's behaviour as a result alternates between aggressive, moody, and irritable and often induces a vulnerability to stress. Contrastingly, permissive parents register few demands or expectations for a mature independent behaviour, often condoning bad behaviour through lack of good communication. The child, as a result lacks self-control, and shows aggressive and impulsive traits attached to a low self- esteem. The authoritative style produces energetic and friendly children as at the core lay clear communication within a warm, responsive and fair model. The child's wishes are always considered yet those who are disobedient are kept in check. This leads to a child that copes with stress well and has a co-operative and self-reliant outlook on life. Minimal evidence can be found to determine which of these styles of parenting are dominant in any particular family structure, but inevitably it would be fashioned by how the parents were themselves raised. From experience of working in a secondary school that accommodates a high percentage of children from working class, and probably extended families, it is noticeable that their children show many of the visual signs associated with the authoritarian style. Often their behaviour is aggressive and they appear unhappy and stressed with life. Importantly, from a teaching perspective it is essential to be aware of the specific family structure when dealing with a child. To be able to work effectively with children and families alike it must be remembered, whatever the family type, the family forms a central part of any child's life. We should be deterred from stereotyping families in order to best assist children in their education. In summary this essay has compared and contrasted nuclear and extended families and identified the roles and relationships that are prevalent among the more conventional of these family structures. Personal reflections have been included, where relevant, to add realism. It has explained how family life has evolved in recent times and given an insight into the parenting styles adopted and the effect they have had on the child.

The Reasons Why Inequality Still Lurks Within Society...

In today’s society people don’t think of discrimination as being a major issue when in reality it is. Many people around the world have claimed to be victims of these terrible actions by companies and employers. These people are one of the reasons why inequality still lurks in society today. The types of discrimination fall into three major categories. Age, gender, and racial discrimination are relevant in the workplace and job interviews. Elders over the age of fifty-five are having a hard time finding a job do to their age. Mary Gambill, who is a sixty-five year old job seeker, fears that her age turns away employers. Mary states that, â€Å"‘I think that sometimes when they re looking at me, they re looking at my age and thinking to themselves How long will she be here? Is she going to retire? Is she going to die? â€Å"(qtd. by Gambill). Mrs. Gambill isn’t planning on stepping away from job searching anytime soon but she is scared of running out of money and not being able to pay for food or housing. Mary says that the employers think that people at her age can t do the job they are asked to do because they assume all elders are incompetent (Linkhorn). Mike Zickar, a psychologist at Bowling Green State University said that he thinks older job candidates aren t being hired because companies’ think they can t use today’s technology productively (Linkhorn). Kent Kahn, the Director of Experience Works in Ohio, helps elderly people get hands-on training with new workplaceShow MoreRelatedSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 PagesNelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 Illustrations  © Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 All rights reserved. The copyright holders authorise ONLY users of NTDL AS Sociology to make photocopies for their own or their students’ immediate use within the teaching context. No other rights are granted without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who commits any unauthorisedRead MoreCorruption Is Barrier to Development in Pakistan9592 Words   |  39 Pagescalled corruption B. Corruption is authority plus monopoly minus transferency 2. Corruption in different away of life A. Bribery B. Nepotism C. Fraud D. Embezzlement E. Political Corruption F. Administrative Corruption 3. Causes of Corruption in society 4. Genesis of Corruption 5. Consequences of Corruption II. Corruption in Pakistan and barrier to its development. 1. Factors encouraging corruption in Pakistan A. Poor government policies B. Arrival of foreign remittance C. Afghan War 2. ARead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pageswill give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic